The Psycho Electronic Threat: The Secret Arms Race

American Military Documents on the Development of Radiofrequency Weapons 
The Nervous System Can Be Compared to a Radio Receiver 

In the 1986 the American Air Force issued a book "Low Intensity Conflict and Modern Technology" (19). In the foreword Newt Gingrich, member of the U.S. House of Representatives writes: "The United States is on the verge of a dramatic change in its ability to cope with low-intensity conflict... This book is a serious effort to make thinking about and working on low-intensity conflict easier, more understandable and more effective." The chapter on the "Electromagnetic Spectrum in Low Intensity Conflict" wrote Capt. Paul Tyler. At the beginning he quotes "Final Report on Biotechnology Research Requirements for Aeronautical Systems Through the Year 2000" issued by American Air Force in 1982: "Currently available data allow the projection that specially generated radiofrequency radiation (RFR) fields may pose a powerful and revolutionary antipersonnel military threats... the increasing understanding of the brain as an electrically mediated organ suggested the serious probability that impressed electromagnetic fields can be disruptive to purposeful behavior and may be capable of directing and or interrogating such behavior. Further, the passage of approximately 100 miliamperes through the myocardium can lead to cardiac standstill and death... A rapidly scanning RFR system could provide an effective stun or kill capability over a large area. System effectiveness will be a function of wave form, field intensity, pulse width, repetition frequency, and carrier frequency." 

The last line defines the technical principle of the control of cerebral functions. Though it is too short to provide the understanding of how such a technology may work. It is generally known that the information inside of the brain is "translated" and transferred by a number and frequency of nerve impulses, while the intensity of the feeling or perception usually corresponds to the intensity of electrical current. Another phenomenon generally accepted in the modern scientific literature is a synchronization of frequencies of emitted nerve impulses in different parts of the brain in reaction to the stimuli, which catch the attention of the brain (34). Per E. Roland from the Laboratory for Brain Research and Positron Emission Tomography at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm, Sweden, engaged in the research of brain activation in reaction to different stimuli. He studied the influx of blood, bringing the nutrition to the activated areas of the brain. In this way he was finding the different areas or columns of neurons which got activated in reaction to different stimuli. He writes that looking at the distribution of those activated areas in the brain, he can tell what is the subject a person is thinking about. Then he asks a question whether those so called "metabolical columns" have common electro-physiological properties, e.g. whether their electrical activity is identical. The reply to this question hi finds in the work of German scientists Schopman and Stryker from 1981 who "showed that in the visual cortex of the cat, the metabolic columns corresponded with electro-physiologically defined columns in which the neurons had orientation specificity for the stimulus used." This means that different stimuli produce in the brain different electrical events. In the opposite direction Whitsel and Juliano (1989) found that "metabolic columns only occurred at cortical locations where the neurons possessed electro-physiologically defined functional properties related to the stimulus." Skarda and Freeman (1987) and Singer (1990) "advanced the concept that neurons in different active columns synchronize their electrical oscillatory activity in response to optimal inputs" (35).

Wolf Singer (36) describes an experiment where two different stimuli produced at the same time are observed in the brain. They were "represented by two independently oscillating assemblies of cells". 

According to Wolf Singer the differences in brain activity in reaction to different stimuli are represented by different groups of neurons oscillating in different frequencies. Walter J. Freeman, who has already for years measured the brain activity in reaction to different stimuli by many microelectrodes at the same time, presented already in 1975 a hypothesis "that a novel external stimulus is broadly transmitted from the primary sensory cortex or thalamus to other parts of the cortex... transmission occurs at some characteristic frequency, and...reception occurs in... sets tuned to that frequency" (37). And what happens when an external electromagnetic frequency is applied to the brain? H. Frolich from the Department of Physics at the University of Liverpool, England, writes: oscillations produced by coherent excitation of a single polar mode "yield long range, frequency selective, interactions between systems with equal excitation frequencies" (38). In other words it is basically the frequency of nerve impulses e.g. frequency of electrical currents e.g. - from military point of view - frequency of electromagnetic waves that defines the activity of the brain in reaction to stimuli which catch its attention, and we can always bypass the physical perception by electromagnetic signals which will produce, in the brain, the same electrophysiological events as would be produced by the perception. It means the events in the brain can be produced "synthetically" from the outside. 

Those findings are supported as well by the experiments of Allan Frey and W. Guy where electromagnetic "acoustic" signals, when tuned to the electro-physiological properties of cochlea or to its natural frequencies and pulse widths, produced in the brain the same events as a normal sound. When the parameters of the transmitter (i.e. frequency, pulse width etc.) were changed, it was another brain area which resonated with the electromagnetic signals and so the feeling of severe buffeting on the head or pins and needles sensation was induced. The changed transmitter parameters resonated with another receiver in the brain, which caused different type of frequency synchronizations. The same effect reflects also the note of Capt. Tyler that "normal breathing takes place at certain frequencies and amplitudes but not at others." The radiofrequency radiation, when tuned to its frequencies and amplitudes, hits the part of the brain which controls the breathing and imposes another rhythm of breathing or even stops it (remember that Jose Delgado could produce the same effect by means of electric stimulation of the brain). So the Patrick Flanagan's neurophone works in pretty much the same way as a radio transmitter whose broadcasting is adjusted to the "receiver" picking up the signal that, in this case, appears to be cochlea. If we want to broadcast for another "receiver" in the nervous system, we only need to know its parameters to be able to broadcast the information or frequency to which the receiver is tuned up just like when tuning our radio receiver we choose the frequency at which its internal circuits will resonate and the result is that we listen to the radio station which we have chosen. John Marks, in his book on CIA mind control research quotes one of CIA research veterans recalling a colleague’s joke: "If you could find the natural radio frequency of a person's sphincter, you could make him run out of the room real fast. (43)" Different frequencies used in his experiments with animals also Jose Delgado. But this time the only case when the results of his work were presented to public was the article by Kathleen McAuliffe in OMNI magazine. Robert Becker, since she is friend of his, instructed her before her trip to Spain, what questions she should ask Jose Delgado (17). One of those questions was whether, aside of frequencies, other parameters of the transmitter can make difference. Probably being bound by national security information law, Jose Delgado did not answer most of the questions prepared by R. Becker. Anyway the waveforms, intensity of the electric current, the pulse width and carrier frequency are being quoted in the scientific papers on experiments. 

Captain Tyler, in the continuation of his paper on Electromagnetic Spectrum in Low Intensity Conflict also quotes a scientific work (39) presenting the evidence (though not very important) that the biological effects of millimeter waves depend on the applied frequency and comes forward with the conclusion: "Because of many parameters involved and the apparent specificity of each parameter one can tailor a specific response. The ability to have this kind of flexibility provides an enormous range of options to the user. It opens the door for providing an appropriate response in warfare, be it conventional or unconventional." Of course he does not support this statement by the results of secret military experiments. Frequently he took part in scientific conferences, but he talked there only about the work of other scientists which is unusual. Normally every scientist talks about his own research, but again it is not difficult to understand that he can not publish the secret military research. If you object that the range of frequencies in which the human nervous system works is too narrow to provide for so wide choice of reactions, Capt. Tyler writes: "There are unconfirmed reports that change of 0.01 Hz can make a difference." The word "unconfirmed" he uses rather inappropriately since many experiments and patents are defining the used frequencies in hundredths of Hertz. In addition in the neocortex (the latest layer of the human brain) apparently prevail frequencies from 35 to 75 Hz (34), (35) (those frequencies do not appear on EEG so they were until recently unknown). 

Jose Delgado also told to Kathleen McAuliffe that electromagnetic radiation, causing reactions in the brain, produces electric currents hundreds of times weaker than necessary to induce the nerve impulse. Capt. Tyler answers this question as well, using his knowledge of modern scientific literature, he writes: "intrinsic electromagnetic fields play a key role in a wide range of biological functions, including... information transfer and storage, particularly in the central nervous system." Those lines mean a revolution in the understanding of the nervous system functioning: "Some recent theoretical research has looked at the classical neuronal synapse and proposed that... it must be a quantum mechanical event." This aims to support the results of experiments with entrainment of brain activity by external electromagnetic radiation. The scientific research based on those experiments is theorizing that the nerve impulse is evoked not only by electrical impulses advancing along nerve fibers, but also by the effect of electromagnetic waves coming from surrounding neurons and perineuronal cells. Ross Adey supports this theory by measurements of electromagnetic oscillations in pericellular fluid and glia cells by means of microelectrodes (40). Of course, if it is true that electromagnetic oscillations play a role in the transfer of information inside of the brain, we can understand why the external electromagnetic radiation can control the activity of the brain. (Note: still in 1983 at the conference on the Nonlinear Electrodynamics in Biological System (41) the scientists only theorized on how this radiation propagates inside of the tissue and how does it get there. Ross Adey himself, in the introduction to the book covering this conference admits that: "Experimental knowledge in this area has grown rapidly in the past decade, and in some respects has outstripped theoretical models adequate to explain these new observations." - To complete the information - in the brain functioning the nonlinear wave mechanics are at work and for the computations the mathematics of chaos are applied. Also the brain does not react to the radiation that does not carry the biological information (43)). 

From the paper of captain Tyler we did not learn anything about the projects of the American Navy he was working for. Robert Becker, in his book Cross Currents presents the report coming from the Microwave Research Department at the Walter Reed Army Institute, where J.C. Sharp carried out his experiment with the transmission of words into the brain by radiofrequency radiation. The report deals with the effects of pulsed microwaves on nervous system and describes the division of testing program into four parts: 1) prompt debilitating effects, 2) prompt stimulation auditory effects (remember J.C. Sharp one more time) 3) work interference (stoppage effects) 4) effects on stimulus controlled behavior. The report presents this conclusion: "Microwave pulses appear to couple to the central nervous system and produce stimulation similar to electrical stimulation unrelated to heat" (42). The idea that with the electromagnetic stimulation of the brain the same effects can be produced as with electric stimulation as Jose Delgado described it is dismaying, but apparently true. 

American Air Force, according to the Final Report on Biotechnology Research Requirements for Aeronautical Systems Through the Year 2000 divided the research of radiofrequency weapons into three areas: 

1. "Pulsed RFR Effects" - projected research since 1980 until 1995 
2. "Mechanisms of RFR with Living Systems" referred to as "continuation of ongoing research" beginning in 1980 and forecast to conclude around 1997 
3. "RFR forced disruptive phenomena" - starting around 1986 with the projected continuation until 2010. 
In the second volume of this report it is stated that the work on the project is progressing according to the schedule or in advance. The last area of research is in the second volume redefined: "While initial attention should be toward degradation of human performance through thermal loading and electromagnetic field effects, subsequent work should address the possibilities of directing and interrogating mental functioning, using externally applied fields..." (44). This formulation is probably not clear on purpose, but the message looks clear - the intent of the project should be to collect electromagnetic waves emanating from the brain and to transmit them into another brain that would read a person's thoughts or to use the same procedure in order to impose somebody else's thoughts on another person's brain and in this way direct his actions. If it is true what Wolf Singer tells about brain events always differing by frequencies of synchronizations among always different brain cells then it is not impossible to find the thoughts frequencies. To pick them up would probably require some kind of passive radar and the transmission would require the trans-coding of the slow waves emanating from the brain into the electromagnetic pulses of microwaves on an active radar which does not appear to be that difficult of a technical task. From the layman's point of view the most difficult task is to pick up the brain waves. But according to Gordon Thomas (3) the U.S. intelligence services, during the taking of hostages in Lebanon, eavesdropped the conversations on the streets of Beirut from satellites and computers searched there for clues that could lead to a liberation of hostages. The capabilities of military technology go far beyond the understanding of common sense. 

The military documents quoted here are accessible to the public though they are not published in the newspapers. My guess is that they are there in order to get the public ready to accept the use of the technology that is already at hand and sometimes in use. 

The Secret Arms Race and the Hushed up Scandal in the USSR 

Robert Becker, in the book "Body Electric" was probably the first American to publish the presence of the Soviet, so called psychoactive, signal in the USA. According to him the signal appeared on the bicentennial celebration of July 4, 1976. Robert Becker writes that the signal varies up and down through the frequencies between 3.26 and 17.54 MHz and is pulse-modulated at a rate of several times a second. Its source was located at a giant transmitter near Kiev in the USSR. As to the effects of the radiation, Robert Becker is not quite sure, but he writes: "The available evidence... suggests that the Russian woodpecker is a multipurpose radiation that combines a submarine link with an experimental attack on the American people" (20). Officially the Soviet radiation was never decoded as well as the radiation broadcasted at the American Embassy in Moscow, though for the analysis of this radiation the project Pandora was launched by the American Navy. Robert Becker mentions also the possible American retaliation. He writes about an American reporter, Stefan Rednip, who claimed, in 1978, that he gained access to purloined CIA documents "proving the existence of a program called Operation Pique, which included bouncing radio signals off the ionosphere to affect the mental functions of people in selected areas, including Eastern European nuclear installations." 

John Marks, in the book "CIA and Mind Control - the Search for Manchurian Candidate" quotes one of the CIA researchers from the era of MKULTRA project: "The rest of the world didn't ask until 1976 the type of questions we were facing in 1965... Everybody was afraid of building the supersoldier who would take orders without questioning like the kamikaze pilot. Creating a subservient society was not out of sight. (45)" 

It is difficult to assess which of the superpowers was behind in this area in 1976 and which one is behind today. Certainly since the appearance of the Soviet signal in the USA several articles appeared in the U.S. press publicizing the Soviet national security information pertaining to the development of the equipment influencing human body and psyche since the Soviet signal appeared in the USA in 1976. According to the information I did not manage to verify already in November 1976 the Los Angeles Herald-Examiner published an article entitled "Mind-Altering Microwaves, Soviets Studying Invisible Ray". The author of the article writes: "A newly declassified U.S. Defense Intelligence Agency report says - extensive Soviet research into microwaves might lead to methods of causing disoriented human behavior, nerve disorders or even heart attacks..." 

Another article on this subject wrote John B. Alexander, who later became the director of Los Alamos National Laboratory, in 1980 for the monthly Military Review. He writes: "... there are weapon systems that operate on the power of the mind and whose lethal capacity has already been demonstrated... the ability to heal or cause disease can be transmitted over distance thus inducing illness or death for no apparent cause... The application of large-scale ELF (extra low frequency) behavior modification could have horrendous impact... mind-to-mind thought induction techniques are also being considered..." As a source of information John B. Alexander indicates two Defense Intelligence Agency reports released through the Freedom of Information Act (or in other words declassified). On the American research he writes: "The U.S. government is reported to have funded some research projects, but these have not been published" (46). 

In about 1985 the American CNN TV station broadcasted in the "Special Assignment" series a program on Russian electromagnetic weapons (47). The first part concentrated on directed energy weapons. There was talk about weapons capable to cook people alive (recall microwave oven) and knock out computers and electronic surveillance and communications gear. In this way the airplanes and guided missiles could be placed out of use. The directed energy weapons could also produce the explosions in the extent of nuclear explosions that would not cause radioactivity. The American military experts asserted that the Soviets are ahead of the USA in this research. 

The second part of the broadcast was dedicated to Soviet research of radiofrequency mind control weapons. Though from the beginning, the subject was the Soviet research, the American scientists conveyed rather their own research experiences. Jose Delgado said: "Any function of the brain - emotions, intellect, personality – we could perhaps modify by this non-invasive technology" and "the beauty is that now we are not using electrodes." 

Instead of the expert from the American Navy who wished not to reveal his identity spoke to an actor. He repeated in short what captain Tyler told to Kathleen McAuliffe about the substitution of psychoactive drugs by radiofrequency radiation and what captain Tyler wrote in the book Low Intensity Conflict and Modern Technology: "Apparently there are specific sites involved, specific functions involved. It's a matter of matching up just like it is with a pill or a drug, to cause an effect you could have a cause and effect relationship between a magnetic field and a biological function". 

Next, William Van Bise and Elisabeth Rauscher demonstrated on the moderator the induction of visual hallucinations by "RF (radiofrequency) mind interference machine". The blindfolded moderator can see parabola and than a spike. Van Bise and E. Rauscher assert that they constructed the machine using the data found in Soviet scientific literature, but Robert Becker, in his book "Cross Currents" (17) writes about this machine being invention of Van Bise and E. Rauscher themselves. It is difficult to believe that such instructions could be found in the Soviet scientific literature, as well. 

Next, in the CNN program perhaps the first time in the American mass media, the presence of the Soviet "psychoactive " signal in the USA was disclosed. Robert Becker, in contrast with what he wrote in his book, said that "The signal range within which the Woodpecker [grid] operates is that which has been reported by many investigators to produce a tranquilizing effect on animals". "Captain Tyler" commented that "It's possible to entrain a certain percentage of a population, apparently, with weak magnetic fields." 

In the conclusion "Paul Tyler" and Dr. Fraser from the American Air Force assert that they worked on American projects of radiofrequency weapons, but that the Navy as well as the Air Force "never followed up". This is in contradiction with the project of the American Air Force quoted in the last chapter of this booklet. 

In April 1993 the Russia declassified the electromagnetic weapon capable to destroy any object in the atmosphere "no matter whether it is a missile... an airplane or any other artificial or real heavenly object of the type of meteorite" (48). It means that so far only the first part of the CNN broadcasting, on directed energy weapons, was declassified in Russia. 

According to another report "made available" by the U.S. Defense Intelligence Agency to the magazine The Enquirer: "Russia is deeply involved in researching ways to use microwaves to induce disease, control minds and even kill..." The article states that "Microwaves have been used to produce heart attacks in frogs" - but according to Robert Becker (20) the same experiments carried out Allan H. Frey - and in people "headaches, fatigue, perspiring, dizziness, menstrual disorders, irritability, tension, drowsiness, sleeplessness, depression, forgetfulness, and lack of concentration " (49) - recall Ross Adey. 

According to the report by the peace activist Kim Bealy, the women who at the end of 70’s and beginning of 80’s blocked the American base at Greenhome Common in Great Britain suffered from severe headaches, drowsiness, menstrual bleeding at abnormal times,... temporary paralysis, faulty speech coordination..., vertigo, retinal bleeding, burnt face (even at night), nausea, sleep disturbances, lack of concentration, irritability, disorientation, loss of memory and a sense of panic in non-panic situations (I underlined the concurrent symptoms - it is a matter of question whether the American Defense Intelligence Agency had ever gained access to the Soviet secret research documents.) From the same symptoms suffered the women's visitors in the course of their visits. Strong signals up to one hundred times the normal background level were detected by members of Electronics for Peace and by others... signals 10 times stronger than those felt to be emanating from normal base transmitting systems were found. 

In the Enquirer's article also another Pandora researcher, Dr. Milton Zarret, admitted that the U.S. Navy experimented with human volunteers inducing "an early stage of heart disease". 

At the end of 1990 the American daily Washington Post brought an article voicing the American armed forces and intelligence services alarm over the Russian progress in the development of extrasensory capacities: "According to the communications of Russian defectors Russians have success in influencing human behavior, changing human feelings and health condition, incurring unconsciousness and even killing people... In one of the documents from the headquarters of the Intelligence Service at the American Department of Defense it is stated that the Soviet experiments impose on the recipient disquietude combined with short-mindedness (recall the remark by Capt. Tyler about the respiratory distress) , and the feeling of severe buffeting on the head (recall the experiment of Allan Frey)... Some western observers of extrasensory developments are alarmed... by inauspicious effects of methods of subconscious influencing when used against the U.S. staff operating the nuclear missiles" (50). 

This time, with the central power in the Soviet Union weakened under the Gorbachov's regime, the Russian daily Komsomolskaya Pravda opened an investigation into the facts justifying these hints. In an article of November 14, 1990 A. Ochtarin, the candidate of technical sciences, expressed the opinion that in principle it is feasible to construct the "enslaving machine" and that it is not out of question that it is under construction. But already in the article of January 25, 1991 (51) the director of the Institute of Neurology of the Soviet Academy of Sciences told the journalists that it is possible to change the mood of a man by means of electric signals, but not to break his self control, thus denying the results of research of Jose Delgado. At the question whether it is possible to produce the same effect by influencing the electromagnetic field of the brain he replied that he does not know anything about it. 

Anyway, during the failed putsch against Gorbachov, in August 1991, the General Kobets warned the defenders of the Russian White House against the possible use of psychotronic weapons (52). Shortly after the putsch, on August 27, Komsomolskaya Pravda published the statement by Victor Sedletski, the vice president of the League of Independent Scientists of the USSR, where he wrote: "As an expert and juridical personality I declare: In Kiev (and this is serious) the mass production ... of psychotronic biogenerators was launched. I cannot assert that during the coup d'etat exactly the Kiev generators were used... All the same, the fact that they were used is evident to me. What are the psychotronic generators? It is electronic equipment producing the effect of guided control in human organism. It affects especially the left and right hemisphere of the cortex. This is also the technology of the U.S. project Zombie 5. Similar work is done in the Soviet Union (especially in Kiev in the Institute for the Research of Materials. The laboratory of one of its sections is located in the living quarters of the city. There are located biogenerators produced by the Octava factory. I am drawing on my personal experience and I can tell that I am myself the author of the model of such a generator. I completed my work in August 1990... Why the system failed in the days of the putsch? The putschists, having no experience, did not know, that to get the desired reaction the brainwashed soldiers must not be allowed to mingle with the crowd in the streets" (53). 

When the reporters from Komsomolskaya Pravda, after the publication of this statement, tried to reach Victor Sedletski, the director of the Institute for the Research of Materials, where Sedletski worked, V. Trefilov, told them that Victor Sedletski left Kiev and it is not known, when he returns. He also denied that his institute possesses a psychotronic generator. Paradoxically if Viktor Sedletski was put on trial for disclosing National Security Information, it would have for effect the confirmation of his statement and the National Security Information would be broken. 

Having failed with V. Trefilov the reporters visited in Kiev the Institute of Interdisciplinary Scientific-Engineering Center "Natural Resources". Its director, A. Krasyanienko told them that he knows in the USSR at least 10 teams capable to construct such a device. On September 27 appeared in Komsomolskaya Pravda another article where parts of the government project for the development of those weapons were published: "remote medico-biological influence on troops and population by means of torsional radiation, remote psychophysical influence on troops and population by torsional radiation" (Komsomolskaya Pravda admits the electromagnetic radiation as a synonym to torsional radiation). The government project presented to the journalists E. Alexandrov, the member correspondent of the Soviet Academy of Sciences. For the realization of those projects the center was established by the State Council for Science and Technology. The center was financed by the Ministry of Defense and according to its director A. Akimov the funding, coming also from Military-Industrial Commission at the Ministerial Cabinet of the USSR and KGB, amounted to half a billion of the Soviet rubles. Under the direction of Vent, the Center was working with 26 scientific institutions, but the leading institute was the Institute for the Research of Materials in Kiev where Victor Sedletski worked, and whose director had denied that they would be in possession of a psychotronic generator. The list of the institutes working on the project was a result of work of the reporter of the daily Nezavisimaya Gazeta O. Volkov. That information was confirmed also by the Daily Troud in an article of April 4, 1992. This Daily found the confirmation of the budget of half a billion rubles in the directive of the Committee for the Science and Technology of the USSR, dated July 4, 1991. 

On November 11, 1992 another Russian daily, Pravda, printed an article on this subject where the director of the Center Vent, A. Akimov, told that "as a result of experimental work there is at the hands everything necessary to produce the factory samples" and that "torsional fields... are capable to relay information with no barriers to stop them" (55). Perhaps he was talking about the communication system "proposed" to the American military by Patrick Flanagan in the second version of his patent. As well it is possible that the term "information" had here a broader meaning as defined by A.S. Pressman: "electromagnetic field exerts an influence on the informational interactions in the organism". 

Continued ...

 

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